Skip to main content

(1) Max determinant problem

Abstract

Gilbert Strang asked us what is the maximal determinant if the matrix has only specific numbers in his book, Introduction to Linear algebra. I enjoyed this problem for almost three weeks also as a programming problem. So I would like to introduce this problem in this article.


Introduction

My primary school has words, ``Be one day as one step of your life (一日生きることが一歩生きることであれ.)'' by Yukawa Hideki. These days I finally start to understand these words. I can only do something if I could do every day. Even for five minutes, if I do something every day, I found quite difference. Recently, I joined an activity. It took some significant time from my Sunday research time, though I would like to continue both my activity and my Sunday research.

At the end of March, I learn max determinant problem that exists. I didn't have any dedicated time for this problem. But, I use my commune time and elevator waiting time, I solved this problem. (Our company's elevator gives a lot of time, I usually use it for reading a book.) Using fraction time might be a point of continue something.

I didn't know why max determinant problem caught an interest of mathematicians until I started to solve this problem. In a Gilbert Strang's class, he said ``Determinant used to be very important for linear algebra''.  It was a past tense. I didn't recall that he mentioned why it was once important and not now anymore. If we think about a matrix as a linear operator, determinant is zero or not is important since it tells the system has a solution or not. I thought maximal value is not so important comparing to this.

The determinant of a matrix is magnification factor when we think the matrix is an operator. Why this is interesting? I could imagine that the absolute maximal value is less than one or not is interesting. We usually think about multiplication of matrix. For example, M^k v. But, in this case, eigenvalue is much interesting. Since if we could know the eigenvalues, this becomes M^ k v = λ^k v. This is much simpler and easy because a matrix becomes now one scalar value.

I can also think about another property of determinant, geometrical meaning. This is a volume of limited coordinates geometry. (Marc also noted this to me.) I like geometry, so, in the following articles, I will use this approach once. But, is it really interesting? This was a question to me.

I research why mathematicians are interested in max determinant problem a bit. I could not find the direct answer, but, I have an idea about that. So, I will tell about that in the next article.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Why parallelogram area is |ad-bc|?

Here is my question. The area of parallelogram is the difference of these two rectangles (red rectangle - blue rectangle). This is not intuitive for me. If you also think it is not so intuitive, you might interested in my slides. I try to explain this for hight school students. Slides:  A bit intuitive (for me) explanation of area of parallelogram  (to my site, external link) . 

Geometric Multiplicity: eignvectors (2)

If eigenvectors of a matrix A are independent, it is a happy property. Because the matrix A can be diagonalized with a matrix S that column vectors are eigenvectors of A . For example, Why this is a happy property of A? Because I can find A's power easily. A^{10} is not a big deal. Because Λ is a diagonal matrix and power of a diagonal matrix is quite simple. A^{10} = SΛ^{10} S^{-1} Then, why if I want to compute power of A ? That is the same reason to find eigenvectors. Eigenvectors are a basis of a matrix. A matrix can be represented by a single scalar. I repeat this again. This is the happy point, a matrix becomes a scalar. What can be simpler than a scalar value. But, this is only possible when the matrix S's columns are independent. Because S^{-1} must be exist. Now I come back to my first question. Is the λ's multiplicity related with the number of eigenvectors? This time I found this has the name. Geometric multiplicity (GM): the number of in...

Tezuka Osamu's Black Jack, "Shrinking"

I like several novel authors. My first favorite author is probably Teduka, Osamu. I still love him. The list grows by adding Hoshi, Shinichi, Agatha Christie, Hermann Hesse, and so forth. My first favorite article of Tezuka was Atom as most of the (boy's) Tezuka fans did. But my favorite is Black Jack. I try to summarize one story, it is still quite vivid in my memory. I first read this story when I was 13 - 15 years old. I re-read it at least several times since Black Jack is composed of many short episodes. The title should be "ちぢむ (SHRINKING)" or it might be "縮む(Shrinking)". (It is not so convenient to translate this to English, since English does not have a system to say the exact same word in several ways. So I just simulate it with capital letters.) Black Jack is a genius surgeon, but he does not have the license. In short, his medical activity is illegal. His skill is top level in the world, but, the fee is also out-of-law expensive. In the story ...